Background: Infertile women suffering from more psychological distress than other people. Women with involuntary childlessness have higher depression scores than others. Psychological factors are predictor for successive treatment and fertility. Cognize needs to be taken of these factors for effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency of depressive disorder in infertile women in an infertility clinic in Rasht.Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, 240 infertile women with simple sampling were evaluated. Variable were included: depressive disorders, age and duration of infertility. Beck questionnaire was used to evaluate the psychological status. Then, infertile women with positive Beck score (16≤) were examined by psychiatrist make definitive diagnosis of depression. Collected data were processed with EPI-2000 (a=0.05).Results: 84 (35%) of 240 women with infertility had positive Beck scores (16≤). Of 84 patients with positive Beck score, 8 were excluded for different reasons such as refusal and inability for cooperation. Clinical diagnosis and interview proved 57 (24.56%) of them to be depressed, respectively. The most relative frequency of depression was in 24-30 years old women and women with duration of infertility more than 5 years. Minor depression was the most prevalent depressive disorder.Conclusion: According to this study, the prevalence and severity of psychological disorders of infertile women indicates the appropriateness of screening and referring these patients for psychological evaluation.

Introduction: Usually osseointegration takes between three to six months after implant placement but patients are interested to have early loading. There are no definitive criteria for measuring bone mineral density (BMD), insertion torque (IT) (final torque force) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) (primary implant stability) to determine exact loading time based on the relationship between the above-mentioned parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IT, RFA and BMD in screw-type implants.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 18 patients who were candidates for ITI implant placement. Written consent was taken and jaw bone density was determined via a digital radiography technique before surgery. After implant placement, RFA and IT were measured. Fifty-five ITI implants of the total 62 implants placed were evaluated; the implants were 12 mm long with a diameter of 4.1 mm. Data was analyzed with Pearson’s test using SPSS.15 software (a=0.05).Results: There was a significant relationship between IT, RFA and BMD. Pearson’s test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.872 to 0.789 between the three parameters, indicating a strong relationship between them. The mean bone density was 1.468±0.042 g/cm2; the mean RFA was 66.01±2.2 ISQ and the mean IT was 34.62±3.33 N/cm2.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study there is a significant relationship between, IT, RFA and BMD (p value=0.001).

Urolithiasis is an important economic disease in food animal. This research was IS carried out on 500 slaughtered do cows in the city of Shahrekord for determining frequency and relative frequency of nephrolithiasis. Results indicated that prevalence of nephrolithiasis was equal to 6% and in 80% of cases nephroliths were found in left skidney (maybe due to decrease urine flow in suspended left kidney). Three major types of nephrolith: Calcium carbonate (83.33%), calcium oxalate (13.33%) and struvite (3.34%) were diagnosed and calculi composition were as follow Calcium and carbonate (in 100%). phosphate (in 33.33%) oxalate (in 30%), cystine (in 10%), magnesium and ammoniac (in 6.66%) of cases.

According to statistical data from WHO, respiratory tract infections are among the most important health problems all over the world. Differentiating viral from other causes of respiratory infections is difficult, but a good knowledge of viral etiologic factors can guide the physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. We carried out this descriptive, case-series study to evaluate the relative frequency of parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections in upper and lower respiratory tract infections. A total of 263 three children with respiratory infection were studied from autumn 1998 to autumn 2000. We prepared samples from their nasopharynx with sterile swabs for viral culture and study of cytopathic effects of PIV. Thirty six cases had positive culture for PIV (14%). There was a significant statistical correlation between the prevalence of PIV infection and age of patients. The highest prevalence was in the of 1-5 years old age group. There was also a correlation with season, and majority of cases were seen in autumn and spring (P< 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between PIV infection and sex. PIV infection had significant correlation with croup and bronchiolitis (P<0.0001). PIV plays an important role in causing lower respiratory tract infections

Introduction & Objective: Hydatiform mole is one of the emergency and high risk situations during pregnancy and is defined as swelling and hyperplasia of the placental chorionic villosities. It is histologically characterized by abnormal changes in placental villi including trophoblastic proliferation and stromal edema of villi. Its incidence in different regions of the world is different and various risk factors have been mentioned in different studies. The aim of the present study is determination of frequency of hydatiform mole and some relative factors in Mo'tazedi hospital, Kermanshah.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, medical records of 200 women with the diagnosis of hydatiform mole who were admitted in Mo'tazedi hospital during a 10 year period (1998-2008) were retrospectively reviewed. Also, records of 400 healthy pregnant women who were admitted for delivery were reviewed as control group. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical test including U. mann withney, kelmogrof esmereinof, fischer exact and chi square.Results: In this study frequency of hydatiform mole was 3.1/1000 live birth frequency of complete and incomplete mole were 2.07/1000 and 1.04/1000 live birth, respectively. Mean age of patients was 26.33 years. Sixty percent of patients were multipar. History of previous molar pregnancy and irregular menstruation, were significantly effective on frequency of molar pregnancy. (p=0.004, p=0.01 respectively).Conclusion: Molar pregnancy is an emergency situation. There is a high incidence and a high recurrence rate of hydatiform mole in our country. Hydatiform mole should be considered as one of the probable diagnoses women in their reproductive age who refer with bleeding.

Introduction: In different countries, different etiologic factors are considered to be responsible for acute pancreatitis. Objective: In this study we tried to determine the relative frequency of etiologic factors of acute pancreatitis in our patients.Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective one and we studied all patients with documented acute Pancreatitis in Poursina and Razi Hospital. 185 patients were studied from1994-1999. Data were processed.Results: From 185 pt, 97(61%) were female and 61 were male (39%). The ratio of female to male was 1.59. Most patients were 41-50 years old. For 78pts (49%), the etiologic cause was unknown, (Idiopathic).Known causes included: Biliary stone (41%), Alcohol (3.3%), previous surgery (1.9%, and trauma (0.63%). Mortality rate was 13.3% (21pts) with highest rate in 61-70 year old age group. Diagnoses of 17 cases were revealed after explorative laparatomy.Conclusion: In this study in 49% of Pancreatitis, the etiologic causes weren’t known; in other studies 7-21% of Pancreatitis was idiopathic. It may be due to missing of other causes; the biliary stones were the most were the most cause of acute pancreatitis. This is different from other studies in American & European countries.

Objective: Hematological complications of brucellosis are common. Pancytopenia, although mainly reported in adults, has also been described in children with brucellosis. This investigation was conducted to estimate the relative frequency of pancytopenia in children with brucellosis.Methods: The current study was conducted in Al-Khafji Joint Operations Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Sixty patients with brucellosis were enrolled in the study. Complete blood count (CBC) and blood culture were performed for all cases. Bone marrow (BM) aspiration was considered only in those with pancytopenia. Findings: Out of 60 children with brucellosis, 50 (83%) ingested raw animal milk and 27 (45%) had a positive family history of brucellosis. The common presenting symptoms and signs included: excessive sweating (68%), bone aches (62%), chills (55%), arthritis (32%), hepatomegaly (18%) and splenomegaly (15%). The main hematological manifestations included: anemia (43%), leukopenia (38%) and leukocytosis (20%). Pancytopenia was detected in 11 (18%) patients. Blood culture for Brucella was positive in 38% (23 patients). B. melitensis from 21 patients was cultured in vitro. Out of 9 BM aspirate cultures, 3 were positive for B. melitensis. Out of 11 patients with pancytopenia, 9 (82%) patients had bone aches and weakness, 7 (64%) patients sweating and chills, 6 (55%) patients petechiae and purpura.Conclusion: The current study concludes that although pancytopenia is an uncommon complication of brucellosis in children, it does occur. Therefore, brucellosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pancytopenia in children, particularly in endemic areas such as Saudi Arabia.

Background: Hepatitis C, as a major public health problem, is associated with increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with hepatitis C and to detect related risk factors among these patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with chronic hepatitis C who referred to Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center of Isfahan, Iran were studied. Subjects were selected by simple random sampling during a 4-month period. They all completed a validated questionnaire including demographics and information related to depression and anxiety. Zung Self rating Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used. The data was finally analyzed.Findings: Among 264 patients with chronic hepatitis C (262 males and 2 females; mean age: 34.4 ± 6.7 years), 85.7% had no depression, 8.9% had mild depression and 5.4% had moderate depression. Anxiety was observed in 17.9% of the subjects from which 17% had mild to moderate and 0.9% had sever anxiety.There were significant relationships between depression and marital status and job. Anxiety also had significant relationships with history of addiction, job, time of drug usage and place of living.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the high prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with hepatitis C. Such patients, especially those with related risk factors such as unemployment, being single, etc.) require psychiatry consultation and constant monitoring of psychiatric disorders.

Background: Driving is a usual job with many occupational complications. Occupational hearing loss in track driver is not an unusual occupational problem. We studied the relation of occupational hearing loss and long term noise exposure in track drivers.Methods: This descriptive study was done among track driver population in Kashani and Al-Zahra hospitals in Isfahan. Taking medical history and physical examination were done by an expert otolarygologist and then, eudiometry was done. The data were analyzed by paired-t and variance regression tests via SPSS 11.5 software.Finding: In 384 track drivers, hearing threshold in left ear was more than hearing threshold in right ear (P<0.001).Conclusions: In this study, such as the other studies, a relation between persistent noise and hearing loss was observed. In track drivers, persistent noise can cause occupational hearing loss and their left ears are more susceptible than the rights in risk.